However, there are certain actions that they must not do even if that should cause them the loss of their lives, such as slaying the innocent, or seizing people's property or wasting it, or giving up their weapons to the enemies, or drinking wine, committing adultery, or eating and drinking the unclean (najas).61

Although the Ibadhis held it lawful to live under the rule of 'tyrants' during kitman, the most commendable attitude for members of the Ibadhi community is to keep away from tyrants and to be of any help to them.62

On the other hand, Ibadhis must pray Friday prayers with the tyrants, and join them in the daily prayers in order to keep collective prayers.63

It is also lawful for the Ibadhis to take gifts from the 'tyrants' if they give them, but they must not ask the 'tyrants' for them.64 The Nukkar, however, objected to this, and this was one of the topics on which they differed from the other Ibadhi scholars.65 Besides, Ibadhis, although living under the rule of 'tyrants', must have their own organisation to look after their affairs, and to plan for the safety of their community and to preserve the teachings of their schools; in other words, to prevent the Ibadhis from melting into the large body of their opponents, and to prepare for 'manifestation'.

1. Abu Zakariya al-Jannawani, al-Wad., 29; Aqidat al-tawhid, 17ff; Amr b. Jumai, Aqidat al-tawhid, 50-54, Ahmad b. Bakr, Masail al-tawhid, My edition, 24

2. Shammakhi, Siyar, 372; Darjini, Tabaqat, 340

3. Loc. Cit; Ahmad b. Bakr, op. cit, 24; Abu al-Rabi Sulaiman b. Yakhlaf, Tuhaf, 32

4. Darjini, Tabaqat, 5, Ahmad b. Bakr, op. cit., 25

5. Shammakhi, Sharh Aqidat al-tawhid, 50

6. Loc. Cit.,

7. Loc. Cit; al-Qutb, Sharh Aqidat al-tawhid., 113-114

8. Abu Ammar Abd al-Kafi, al-Mujaz, Ms. 213-214

9. Ajwibat Ulama Fazzan., Ms. 98; Shammakhi, op cit., 54; Abu Amir Musa b. Amir, al-Luqat, Ms. 3, 8. For more details about the Ibadhi administration during the stage of manifestation, Cf. Warijlani, al-Dalil., Ms. 103a ff. Of the modern scholars, Dr. J. Wilkinson treated the subject sufficiently in appendix F of his thesis on Uman. "The Imam and his powers," Volume II, Appendix F, 1-12

10. Shammakhi, op. cit, 52

11. Ahmad b. Bakr, Masail al-tawhid, 25