180 Darjini, op. cit., 51; Abu Zakariya, op.cit., 15a.

181 The text of the reply of the Ibadhi scholars of Basrah is quoted by Abu Zakariya, Siyar., 15b-16a; by Darjini, Tabaqat., 51-52; and by Shammakhi, Siyar., 147.

182 The Nukkarite argument on this point is preserved in al-Diwan al-ma'rud K. al-mumtani'in min al-hudud., Ms. 6-8.

183 Darjini, op. cit., 57; Shammakhi, Siyar., 135.

184 Ibid., 153; Darjini, op. cit., 57. Ibn al-Saghir al-Maliki gave different account of the war between Abd al-Wahhab and Ibn Fandin and the reason behind it, Chronique sur les Imams Rostemides., 17-20.

185 Abu Zakariya, Siyar., 40b; Lewicki, Art. "Halka" in E.I., 2nd edition.

186 For the revolution of Ibn Kaidad, cf. Ibn Idhari, al-Bayan al-Mughrib., I, 216-220; Abu Zakariya, Siyar., 38a-40b; Darjini, Tabaqat., 97-105; S.M. Sten, Art. Abu Yazid al-Nukkari", E.I., 2nd edition, 163-164.

187 For more detail cf. Lisan al-Din b. al-Khatib, Amal al-A'lam fi man buyi'a qabl al-htilam., editor E. Levi-Provencal, Beirut, 1956

188 Ibn Hazm, Milal., IV, 189. The contacts between the Nukkar and the Umayyad dynasty in Spain started in the year 333 H. after Abu Yazid conquered Qairawan, (Ibn Idhari, Bayan., II, 212-13). Later, in 381 H., the Nukkar of the Berber tribe of Zanatah were forced to cross over to Spain by their enemies the Sinhajah. Ibn Abi Amir welcomed the Nukkar and gave them shelter and straightened his army with their men. (Ibn Idhari, Bayan., II, 293-94; Ibn Haiyan al-Qurtubi, al-Muqtabas fi akhbar al-Andalus., editor al-Hijji, Beirut, 1965, 191-194).

189 This treatise was published with other Ibadi works. No place or date are shown on my copy. I am also using Mss. of the treatise in my possession.

190 Ms. in the possession of Shaikh Salim b. Ya'qub, Jerba.

191 Warijlani, Dalil., 14b-15a.

192 al-Sufi, Firaq., 56

193 The view of the Nukkar presented here was collected from the following sources: Abu Amr Uthman b. Khalifah al-Sufi, Firaq., 53-56; Sualat., Ms. 41, 53, 164, 259, 232, 302; Abu Zakariya, Siyar., 15a ff.; Abu Ammar Abd al-Kafi, al-Mujaz., Ms. II, 79 ff; Shammakhi, Siyar, 146-154; Barun Al-Azhar al-riyadiyah., 99 ff.

194 Darjini, Tabaqat., 70.

195 Ibid., 69; Abu Zakariya, Siyar., 24a.

196 Abu Zakariya, op. cit., 25a; Darjini, op. cit., 71-72.

197 loc. cit.

198 Sufi, Firaq., 57-58.

199 Shammakhi, Siyar, 183, 224; baruni, Azhar., 167.

200 Baghturi, Siyar Mashaikh Nufusah., Ms. 124-127.

201 Shammakhi, op. cit., 196 ff.