shariah) is lawful.

The Husainiyah group were to be found in the Eastern part of Jabal Nufusah, then they were won back to Wahbi school by Abu Yahya Zakariya b. Ibrahim al-Baruni.234

VII AL-SAKKAKIYAH

The followers of Abdullah (Abdallah) al-Sakkak, a jeweller from the Berber tribe of Lawwatah.235 he lived in Qantrarah, of South Tunisia. On seven points in his thought he differed from the rest of the Ibadhi.236

1. He denied the rule of sunnah and personal judgement, and held that the legal system is to be derived from Quran only.

2. Prayers in congregation are an innovation (bidah).

3. Calling to prayer (adhan) is an innovation.

4. Praying in clothes which contain lice is not permitted.

5. In prayers, Muslims should recite only the Quranic verses the interpretation of which they know.

6. The grain threshed on a threshing floor is unclean (najas) because it is mixed with dung, and also vegetables from gardens in which dung is used are unclean.

This group was strongly opposed by the Ibadhi scholars and its followers were regarded as polytheists (mushrikun). It is reported that the Ibadhis bury the dead of non Ibadhi Muslims in the Islamic way, but this group would drag them to pits.237 However, the views of this group did not spread outside Qantrarah, and disappeared completely by the end of the fifth century H.238

VII AL-FARTHIYAH

Like the Sakkakiyah, the disagreement between this present group and the Wahbi school is mainly on legal points. It was founded by Abu Sulaiman Ya’qub b. Muhammad b. Aflah, son of the Ibadhi Imam of Tahert. he lived in Warjilan with his father. His father used to warn the Ibadhis against his son and told them that he read the books of Ahmad b. al-Husain.239

After the death of his father, Abu Sulaiman found the way to deliver legal opinions, and formulated certain points in which he disagreed with the Ibadhi school.240

1. Dung (farth) is unclean (najais), the food which is cooked with intestines