We hold that the statutes affecting the Monotheists in their relation with each other are one and the same, except for (walayah) and designation as Believers, for only Muslims who fully discharge their religious obligations are entitled to these.

We hold that the People of the Book; the Jews, the Christians and the Sabaeans are not hypocrites, but they are Polytheists.

We hold that he who alters the statutes of Allah or His Apostle is a Polytheist.

We hold that he who denies "individual reasoning' ra'y and the Sunnah is an infidel-ingrate.'

We hold that Allah's proof to His servants is the Books and Apostles.

We hold that there is no hijrah after the opening up (fat `h) of Mecca.

We hold that gnosis of God cannot be attained through reflecting or compulsion, and that it can only properly be arrived at through an instructor and admonisher.

11. AL NUKKAR:

During the time of Abu UbaidahMuslim b. Abi Karimah the seeds of the splinter Nukkar group were planted. A number of his intellectual students possessed and developed certain views on theological and juridical problems. They were Abdullah b. Abd al-Aziz, Abu al-Ma'ruf Shua'ib, Abu al-Mu'arrij Amr b. Muhammad, Hatim b. Mansur, and Abdullah b. Yazid al-Fazari. They expressed some of their views during the life of Abu Ubaidah, but he refuted them and expelled them from the majalis. 161 It is reported that they recanted and repented, and were allowed to rejoin the meetings of the Ibadhis and participate in the activities of the Ibadhi community in Basrah.162 After the death of Abu Ubaidah, they again asserted their views left to the successor of Abu Ubaidah, al-Rabi b. Habib to refute their views and denounce them. 163

It was these same men who founded the most important Ibadhi group beside the original and the mainstream of the Ibadhi school, al-Wahbiyah. The foundation of their movement as a political opposition to the Wahbiyah began in North Africa, but the intellectual side of the movement was started and developed by those scholars in Basrah.

This splinter group was know as al-Nukkar (deniers), for their denial of the Imamate of Abd al-Wahhab b. Abd al-Rahman b. Rustam. 164 They were also known by other names: Nakithah, Nakkathah, Nukkath for the word ( ), to violate, because they violated the oath they made to Abd al- Wahhab; 165 al-Najwiyyah, from the word al-Najwa, secret intrigue, which