BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 337

Ibn Hajar ʿAsqalānī (d. 852), Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb, 12 vols., Hyderabad, 1325–7 (quoted by the numbers of biographies within each volume).

Ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241), al-Musnad, 6 vols., Cairo, 1313.

Ibn Ḥazm (d. 456), al-Iḥkām fī Uṣūl al-Aḥkām, 8 vols., Cairo, 1345–8.

Ibn Hishām (d. 218), al-Sīra, ed. Wüstenfeld, 2 parts, Göttingen, 1858–9.

Ibn Khaldūn (d. 808), al-Muqaddima, vol. i of his History, Bulaq, 1284.

Ibn Māja (d. 273), al-Sunan (quoted by chapters).

Ibn Muqaffaʿ (d. about 140), Risāla fī l-Ṣaḥāba, in Rasāʾil al-Bulaghāʾ, ed. Muḥammad Kurd ʿAlī, Cairo, 1913, pp. 120–31.

Ibn Qutayba (d. 276), K. al-Maʿārif, ed. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1850.

Ibn Saʿd (d. 230), K. al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr, ed. Sachau and others, 8 vols., Leiden, 1904–17.

Ikh., see Shāfiʿī, K. Ikhtilāf al-Ḥadīth.

Jāḥiẓ (d. 255), K. al-Bayān wa-l-Tabyīn, 2 vols., Cairo, 1313.

K. = Kitāb, ‘The Book of’.

Khaiyāṭ (wrote before 300), K. al-Intiṣār, ed. Nyberg, Cairo, 1925.

Kharāj, see Abū Yūsuf, K. al-Kharāj.

Khaṭīb Baghdādī (d. 463), Tārīkh Baghdād, 14 vols., Cairo, 1931 (quoted by the numbers of biographies).

Khwārizmī (d. 665), Jāmiʿ Masānīd al-Imām al-Aʿẓam, a collection of 15 versions of the Musnad Abī Ḥanīfa, 2 vols., Hyderabad, 1332.

Kindī (d. 350), The Governors and Judges of Egypt, ed. Guest, Leyden and London, 1912 (Gibb Memorial Series XIX).

Koran: in the numbering of the verses, I have followed the Egyptian official edition.

Majmūʿ al-Fiqh, wrongly ascribed to Zaid b. ʿAlī (d. 122): Corpus Iuris di Zaid ibn ʿAlī, ed. Griffini, Milan, 1919.

Mālik (d. 179), al-Muwaṭṭaʾ, version of Yaḥyā b. Yaḥyā (d. 234), with the commentary of Zurqānī (d. 1122), 4 vols., Cairo, 1310 (Muw.).

Maqrīzī (d. 845), al-Khiṭaṭ, 2 vols., Bulaq, 1270.

Masʿūdī (d. 345), Murūj al-Dhahab, ed. Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille, 9 vols., Paris, 1861–77.

Mud.: al-Mudawwana al-Kubrā, edited by Sahnūn (d. 240), a collection of opinions and traditions of Mālik, Ibn Qāsim (d. 191), Ibn Wahb (d. 197), and others, 16 vols., Cairo, 1323–4.

Muslim (d. 261), al-Ṣaḥīḥ (quoted by chapters).

Muw., see Mālik, al-Muwaṭṭaʾ.

Muzanī (d. 264), al-Mukhtaṣar, on the margin of Umm, vols. i–v.

Nasāʾī (d. 303), al-Sunan (quoted by chapters).

Naubakhtī (wrote before 300), K. Firaq al-Shīʿa, ed. Ritter, Istanbul and Leipzig, 1931.