. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

٦. See W. Muir، The Mohammedan Controversy (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark، ١٨٩٧)، p. ٣٢. In fact، two Muslims did help revise the final script; see S. W. Zwemer، "Karl Gottlieb Pfander،" Moslem World ٣١ (July ١٩٤١): ٢١٦ - ٢٦.

٧. Powell، Muslims and Missionaries، p. ١٤٦.

٨. W. A. Rice، Crusaders of the Twentieth Century; or، The Christian Missionary and the Muslim (London: CMS، ١٩١٠).

٩. See E. Headland، Revd. Karl Gottlieb Pfander، D.D.، Sketches of CMS Workers (London: CMS، ١٨٩٧)، pp. ٧ - ٨ (hereafter KGP). On p. ١١٢ of my Victorian Images of Islam (London: Grey Seal، ١٩٩٢)، I mistakenly blamed Pfander for the expulsion، and also wrongly gave ١٨٣٥ as the date of his joining the CMS، following Lewis Bevan Jones، The People of the Mosque (Calcutta: YMCA، ١٩٣٩)، for both.

١٠. KGP، pp. ٩ - ١٠.

١١. Stephen Neill، A History of Christian Missions (London: Penguin، ١٩٦٤)، p. ٣٦٦.

١٢. Paul Eppler، Geschichte der Basler Mission، ١٨١٥ - ١٨٩٩ (Basel: Basel Mission، ١٩٠٠)، p. ١٧.

١٣. Muir، Mohammedan Controversy، p. ٦٧.

١٤. K. G. Pfander، trans. R. H. Weakley، Balance of Truth (London: CMS، ١٨٦٧)، p. ١٢١; see also Powell، Muslims and Missionaries، p. ١٥١.

١٥. Pfander، Balance of Truth، p. ١٢٣.

١٦. K. G. Pfander، Remarks on the Nature of Muhammedanism (Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press، ١٨٤٠)، pp. ٣ - ٥.

١٧. Vander Werff، Christian Mission to Muslims، p. ٤١; see Powell، Muslims and Missionaries، pp. ١٤٠ - ٤٤.

١٨. Jones، People of the Mosque، p. ٢٤٨.

١٩. Muir، Mohammedan Controversy، p. ٢٥.

٢٠. See A. Powell، "Maulana Rahmat Allah Kairanawi and Muslim-Christian Controversy in India in the Mid-Nineteenth Century،" Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society، ١٩٧٦، p. ٥٤، citing Pfander in CMI ٥ (١٨٥٤): ٢٥٤.

٢١. Powell، "Maulana Rahmat Allah Kairanawi،" p. ٥٥.

٢٢. Powell، Muslims. and Missionaries، pp. ٢٣٥ - ٣٦.